蚕豆酱减盐工艺优化与挥发性风味物质分析Optimization of Salt Reduction Process and Analysis of Volatile Flavor Substances in Broad Bean Paste
田雨桐,覃列豪,孙玉萍,王炳惠,莫芳华,申展宇,王春玲
摘要(Abstract):
该研究根据前期单因素实验结果确定3组复合优化减盐工艺,通过减盐蚕豆酱的主要理化指标测定结果,确定组合2(氯化钾替代10%、降低40%盐水浓度、添加5×10~5 CFU/g的S酵母)为最优复合减盐工艺。选择组合2优化减盐蚕豆酱并与市售低盐蚕豆酱进行挥发性风味物质和滋味对比分析。风味分析结果表明,优化后的减盐蚕豆酱醇类和酯类化合物种类更多,醇类和醛类化合物相对含量更高。根据维恩分析得到两种蚕豆酱中存在37种相同的挥发性风味物质,复合优化减盐蚕豆酱含有43种差异性挥发代谢物,市售低盐蚕豆酱含有31种差异性挥发代谢物。通过聚类分析找到了19种典型差异性挥发代谢物,包括乙酸乙酯、苯乙醇、异戊醇、苯乙醛、异戊酸等,其中乙醇和异戊醇赋予了蚕豆酱浓郁的醇香。
关键词(KeyWords): 蚕豆酱;减盐;工艺优化;风味分析
基金项目(Foundation): 天津市科技计划项目(20ZYJDJC00050)
作者(Author): 田雨桐,覃列豪,孙玉萍,王炳惠,莫芳华,申展宇,王春玲
参考文献(References):
- [1]CAPPUCCIO F P,BEER M,STRAZZULLO P.Population dietary salt reduction and the risk of cardiovascular disease.A scientific statement from the European Salt Action Network[J].Nutrition,Metabolism,and Cardiovascular Diseases,2019,29(2):107-114.
- [2]周秀琴.日本健康低盐酱油及酿造技术[J].江苏调味副食品,2003(6):27-28.
- [3]YANG Y,TERM C N,SHAN W,et al.Physicochemical,flavor and microbial dynamic changes during low-salt doubanjiang (broad bean paste) fermentation[J].Food Chemistry,2021,351(4):128454.
- [4]NIU C T,FAN Z H,ZHENG F Y,et al.Isolation and identification of gas-producing spoilage microbes in fermented broad bean paste[J].Food Control,2018,84:8-16.
- [5]SONG Y R,JEONG D Y,BAIK S H.Effects of indigenous yeasts on physicochemical and microbial properties of Korean soy sauce prepared by low-salt fermentation[J].Food Microbiology,2015,51:171-178.
- [6]李沛,李库,任达洪,等.酵母抽提物协助酱油减盐后对其风味物质的影响研究[J].中国酿造,2019,38(12):92-96.
- [7]张颖超.酱油酿造功能微生物分离及强化发酵对酱油品质的影响[D].济南:齐鲁工业大学,2023.
- [8]彦繁鹤,周金梅,吴如春.DNS法测定甘蔗渣中还原糖含量[J].食品研究与开发,2015,36(2):126-128.
- [9]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.食品安全国家标准食品中有机酸的测定:GB 5009.157—2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
- [10]LU Y H,CHI Y L,LYU Y P,et al.Evolution of the volatile flavor compounds of Chinese horse bean-chili-paste[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2019,102(2):131-135.
- [11]孙盛,孙波,赵晓,等.KCl在豆酱发酵中的应用[J].食品与发酵工业,2015,41(6):114-117.
- [12]JIA Y,NIU T C,LU M Z,et al.A bottom-up approach to develop a synthetic microbial community model:application for efficient reduced-salt broad bean paste fermentation[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2020,86(12):306-325.
- [13]AFOAKWAE O,PATERSON A,FOWLER M,et al.Matrix effects on flavor volatiles release in dark chocolates varying in particle size distribution and fat content using GC-mass spectrometry and GC-olfactometry[J].Food Chemistry,2009,113(1):208-215.
- [14]LI J Y,SUN C G,SHEN Z Y,et al.Untargeted metabolomic profiling of Aspergillus sojae 3.495 and Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 fermented soy sauce koji and effect on moromi fermentation flavor[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2023,184(1):115027.
- [15]LI J Y,ZHANG M L,FENG X J,et al.Characterization of fragrant compounds in different types of high-salt liquid-state fermentation soy sauce from China[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2022,169(6):113993.
- [16]张玲.嗜盐四联球菌、鲁氏接合酵母及易变假丝酵母的添加对日式酱油品质的影响[D].无锡:江南大学,2019.
- [17]于江,刘永轩,于贞.有机酸对酱油品质的影响[J].中国调味品,2019,44(9):90-93.
- [18]LIN H B,YU X Y,FANG J X,et al.Flavor compounds in Pixian broad-bean paste:non-volatile organic acids and amino acids[J].Molecules,2018,23(6):1299.