二轮盐渍工业泡菜微生物群落结构解析Analysis of Microbial Community Structure of Second-round Saline Pickled Vegetables
汪冬冬,陈功,李恒,唐垚,万鹏,张其圣
摘要(Abstract):
泡菜,是一种利用本土微生物自然发酵的传统蔬菜制品,其中二轮盐渍工艺是目前工业化泡菜常用的发酵方式。为了解二轮盐渍工业泡菜贮存中微生物群落结构,采用传统可培养方法,结合16S rDNA和26S rDNA测序技术,对自然发酵1年以上的豇豆、萝卜、青菜和榨菜4种泡菜的细菌和真菌群落结构进行研究。结果表明:二轮盐渍工业泡菜pH低、酸度和盐度高,微生物数量都小于10~5cfu/mL,发酵程度弱。豇豆、萝卜、青菜和榨菜的主要优势细菌为芽孢杆菌属,种水平上分析分别为Bacillus altitudinis和Bacillus subtilis;Bacillus muralis,B.altitudinis和Bacillus megaterium;B.altitudinis,B.megaterium和Bacillus methylotrophicus;Lactobacillus alimentarius,B.altitudinis和B.megaterium。优势真菌分别为Candidaapicola;Debaryomyces hansenii和Zygosaccharomyces bisporus;Candida etchellsii和Pichia membranifaciens;Candida lactiscondensi和D.hansenii。此结果揭示了二轮盐渍工业泡菜长时间储存后微生物群落结构,对解释泡菜长时间存放品质下降、泡菜香味增加具有参考依据,也为企业调控生产和筛选特性菌种提供了参考价值。
关键词(KeyWords): 二轮盐渍;泡菜;可培养;菌落结构
基金项目(Foundation): 四川省科技成果转化项目(2017NZZJ030);; 四川省科技支撑计划项目(2016NZ0065,2016NZ007)
作者(Author): 汪冬冬,陈功,李恒,唐垚,万鹏,张其圣
参考文献(References):
- [1]陈功.中国泡菜加工技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.
- [2]陈功.中国传统泡菜工业化生产技术[J].食品与发酵工业,2002(10):75-77.
- [3]田伟,张琦,邓珍珍,等.利用16S rRNA分析传统四川发酵泡菜中的细菌多样性[J].食品科学,2013,34(17):215-218.
- [4]翁佩芳,陈希,沈锡权,等.榨菜低盐腌制细菌群落多样性的分析[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(2):338-345.
- [5]李正国,付晓红,邓伟,等.传统分离培养结合DGGE法检测榨菜腌制过程的细菌多样性[J].微生物学通报,2009,36(3):371-376.
- [6]尹礼国,马双艳,李华兰,等.盐渍青菜的细菌菌群结构DGGE分析及产酸细菌分离鉴定[J].食品与发酵工业,2015,41(2):18-23.
- [7]杨珺,吴永娴,曾凡坤,等.四川榨菜后熟时期微生物区系的初探[J].食品科学,1999(12):15.
- [8]Liang H,Chen H,Zhang W,et al.Investigation on microbial diversity of industrial,Zhacai,paocai during fermentation using high-throughput sequencing and their functional characterization[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2018(1):88.
- [9]罗青春,裴乐乐,梁会朋,等.规模化发酵泡菜生产中的真菌多样性[J].中国调味品,2015,40(7):43-46.
- [10]尹礼国,马伟玲,李文芳,等.盐渍青菜真菌菌群结构DGGE分析及酵母菌分离鉴定[J].食品与发酵工业,2015,41(1):29-33.
- [11]张先琴.PCR-DGGE技术分析传统发酵蔬菜中微生物群落结构[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
- [12]Haruta S,Kondo M,Nakamura K,et al.Microbial community changes during organic solid waste treatment analyzed by double gradient-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and fluorescence in situ hybridization[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2002,60:224-231.
- [13]Tofalo R,Perpetuini G,Schirone M,et al.Yeast biota associated to naturally fermented table olives from different Italian cultivars[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2013,161:203-208.
- [14]饶瑜,常伟,龚丽,等.四川泡菜生花酵母的分离与鉴定[J].食品与发酵科技,2013,49(3):19-22.
- [15]蔡炯,迟原龙,汪冬冬,等.腐败四川泡菜菌相构成及主要腐败菌特性分析[J].食品科技,2017,42(1):279-283.
- [16]王猛,蒋云露,杨建涛,等.不同盐质量浓度四川泡菜腐败前后微生物的分析比较研究[J].食品科学,2015,36(13):184-189.
- [17]黄琴.有机酸对发酵蔬菜品质影响的研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2009.
- [18]Franco W,Perez-diaz I M,Johanningsmeier S D,et al.Characteristics of spoilage-associated secondary cucumber fermentation[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2013,78(4):1273-1284.
- [19]Xiong Tao,Guan Qiangqian,Song Suhua,et al.Dynamic changes of lactic acid bacteria flora during Chinese sauerkraut fermentation[J].Food Control,2012,26(1):178-181.
- [20]Plengvidhya V,Breidt F,Lu Zhongjing,et al.DNA fingerprinting of lactic acid bacteria in sauerkraut fermentations[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(23):7697-7702.
- [21]Yu Jie,Gao Wa,Sun Zhihong,et al.Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional pickles in Sichuan,China[J].Journal of General and Applied Microbiology,2012,58(3):163-172.
- [22]Franco W,Perez-diaz I M.Role of selected oxidative yeasts and bacteria in cucumber secondary fermentation associated with spoilage of the fermented fruit[J].Food Microbiology,2012,32(2):338-344.
- [23]Franco W,Perez-diaz I M.Development of a model system for the study of spoilage associated secondary cucumber fermentation during long-term storage[J].Journal of Food Science,2012,77(10):586-592.
- [24]杨珺,吴永娴,曾凡坤.四川榨菜后熟时期微生物区系的初探[J].食品科学,1999,20(12):50-51.
- [25]刘英丽,李文采,张慧娟,等.传统发酵食品产香酵母菌的筛选及其发酵产香特性研究[J].中国食品学报,2015,15(4):63-70.
- [26]殷蔚中.食品微生物学[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1991.
- [27]饶瑜,常伟,向文良,等.抗食品腐败酵母的乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定[J].现代食品科技,2013,29(8):1943-1947.
- [28]李可,张庆,陈功,等.青菜腌制过程中腐败表层细菌的多样性分析与群落演替[J].食品科学,2014,35(1):180-184.
- [29]敖晓琳,蔡义民,夏姣,等.引起泡菜“生花”腐败微生物的分离鉴定[J].食品科学,2013,34(21):204-208.