葡萄调配醋在贮藏期间风味物质动态演变及关键香气成分的研究Study on Dynamic Evolution of Flavor Substances and Key Aroma Components in Grape Concocted Vinegar During Storage
地力努·库尔班,俞春山,严晓琴,刘莹,皇甫泽坤,拜尔娜·木沙,杨涛,张民伟,苟春梅
摘要(Abstract):
为了提高传统食醋中酚类物质的含量与风味物质的丰富度,该研究选取“玫瑰香”葡萄为原料,利用多菌种联合发酵制备葡萄发酵液(fermented grape juice, FGJ),并将FGJ与白醋进行调配,研制出酚类物质含量高、风味独特的葡萄调配醋(grape concocted vinegar, GCV),此时GCV的总酚含量(total phenol content, TPC)为0.209 mg GAE/mL。为探究在贮藏期间GCV风味物质的演变,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对GCV的挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)种类及相对含量进行鉴定分析,并根据气味活性值(odor activity value, OAV)确定关键香气成分。结果表明,贮藏时间为0 d的GCV中共鉴定出25种VOCs,与FGJ(14种)和白醋(18种)相比,VOCs的种类分别增加了11种和7种。除此之外,在不同贮藏时间GCV的VOCs种类没有差异性,然而,随着贮藏时间的延长,呈果香的乙酸乙酯与乙酸异戊酯的含量分别降低了14%和67%。最终,根据OAV筛选出15种对FGJ、白醋和GCV的风味贡献程度较大的关键香气成分,包括酯类8种、醇类3种、醛类2种、酸类2种,且在不同贮藏时间对GCV的风味贡献最大的关键香气成分的种类也有所不同。
关键词(KeyWords): 葡萄发酵液;葡萄调配醋;风味物质;关键香气成分
基金项目(Foundation): “天山英才”培养计划(TSYCCX0064);; 自治区天山英才-青年科技拔尖人才项目(2022TSYCCX0064);; 新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(2022A02009-3);; 国家重大研发计划项目(2019YFC1606100);; 昌吉协同创新项目(2022X02)
作者(Author): 地力努·库尔班,俞春山,严晓琴,刘莹,皇甫泽坤,拜尔娜·木沙,杨涛,张民伟,苟春梅
参考文献(References):
- [1]阳飞,张华山.食醋及其营养保健功能研究进展[J].中国调味品,2017,42(5):171-175.
- [2]吴子航,张祥龙,刘丹彤,等.中国传统食醋营养健康物质组成研究进展[J].中国酿造,2022,41(12):9-14.
- [3]章国洪,谭檑华,章丽霞,等.论食醋功能及产品多样化现状[J].中国调味品,2013,38(3):21-24.
- [4]XIE X L,ZHENG Y,LIU X,et al.Antioxidant activity of Chinese Shanxi aged vinegar and its correlation with polyphenols and flavonoids during the brewing process[J].Journal of Food Science,2017,82(10):2479-2486.
- [5]CHEN T,GUI Q,SHI J J,et al.Analysis of variation of main components during aging process of Shanxi aged vinegar[J].Acetic Acid Bacteria,2013,2:31-38.
- [6]王敏,沈广玥,宋佳,等.中国谷物醋风味研究进展[J].食品科学技术学报,2021,39(4):29-36.
- [7]王宗敏,白桦,朱兰兰,等.食醋中功能物质及其研究进展[J].食品科学,2023,44(11):196-204.
- [8]朱胜虎,崔鹏景,李国权,等.果醋功能性成分的研究现状[J].江苏调味副食品,2021(2):4-8.
- [9]朱立文.保健醋到底有没有保健功效?[J].山西老年,2013(6):59.
- [10]胜寒.食醋家族新成员——果醋[J].食品与健康,2009(3):10-11.
- [11]唐燕萍,张书泰,赵祎武.果醋概述[J].饮料工业,2022,25(1):64-66.
- [12]黄静,武运,雷用东.葡萄果醋液态法生产工艺的研究[J].安徽农学通报,2011,17(21):147-148.
- [13]王司佳,王振斌,马晓珂.响应面设计优化葛根醋饮料工艺的制备技术[J].农产品加工,2015(21):19-22.
- [14]位璐璐,徐丽萍,王清莲,等.我国果醋工艺的研究现状及发展前景[J].现代食品,2020(24):106-108.
- [15]王印壮,段定定,丁玉峰,等.葡萄酵素发酵过程中代谢产物的动态变化[J].食品科学,2022,43(18):98-104.
- [16]HASHEMI S M B,JAFARPOUR D.Fermentation of bergamot juice with Lactobacillus plantarum strains in pure and mixed fermentations:chemical composition,antioxidant activity and sensorial properties[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2020,131(1):109803.
- [17]THACZ K,CHMIELEWSKA J,TURKIEWICZ I P,et al.Dynamics of changes in organic acids,sugars and phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn and sea buckthorn-apple juices during malolactic fermentation[J].Food Chemistry,2020,332(7):127382.
- [18]张光杰,陈瑞利,杨倩.调配型山楂果醋饮料工艺研究[J].中国调味品,2011,36(8):67-69.
- [19]王君,王敏,曹舒婷,等.发酵型果醋研究现状及发展趋势[J].现代农村科技,2019(11):101-102.
- [20]中华人民共和国商业部.水果和蔬菜产品pH值的测定方法:GB/T 10468—1989[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1989.
- [21]李静,聂继云,李海飞,等.Folin-酚法测定水果及其制品中总多酚含量的条件[J].果树学报,2008(1):126-131.
- [22]ZHU H,ZHU J,WANG L L,et al.Development of a SPME-GC-MS method for the determination of volatile compounds in Shanxi aged vinegar and its analytical characterization by aroma wheel[J].Journal of Food Science and Technology,2016,53(1):171-183.
- [23]付磊,冒德寿,洪鎏,等.不同品种草莓的特征香气成分[J].食品工业,2021,42:202-205.
- [24]VAN GEMERT L J.Odour thresholds:compilations of odour threshold values in air,water and other media[M].Utrecht:Oliemans Punter & Partners,2011:242-432.
- [25]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.食醋卫生标准的分析方法:GB/T 5009.41—2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
- [26]S?NMEZDA■,et al.Aroma compounds of non-alcoholic fermented beverage:gilaburu juice[J].The EuroBiotech Journal,2017,1(3):226-229.
- [27]MENG J F,XU T F,SONG C Z,et al.Melatonin treatment of pre-veraison grape berries to increase size and synchronicity of berries and modify wine aroma components[J].Food Chemistry,2015,185:127-134.
- [28]张弛.天麻醋发酵工艺优化、香气分析及体外功效评测研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2022.
- [29]曹桢,陈善敏,黄小雨,等.紫薯醋发酵工艺优化及品质分析[J].食品与发酵工业,2021,47(4):195-201.
- [30]TKACZ K,CHMIELEWSKA J,TURKIEWICZ I P,et al.Dynamics of changes in organic acids,sugars and phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn and sea buckthorn-apple juices during malolactic fermentation[J].Food Chemistry,2020,332(7):127382.
- [31]周立华,牟德华,李艳.7种小浆果香气物质的GC-MS检测与主成分分析[J].食品科学,2017,38(2):184-190.
- [32]胡航伟.发酵型蜜桃果酱的制备及其品质评价[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2022.
- [33]祝霞,刘琦,赵丹丹,等.酿造条件对酿酒酵母发酵香气的影响[J].食品科学,2019,40(16):115-123.
- [34]GARRUTI D S,FRANCO M R B,DA SILVA M A A P,et al.Assessment of aroma impact compounds in a cashew apple-based alcoholic beverage by GC-MS and GC-olfactometry[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2006,39(4):373-378.
- [35]MA Y,TANG K,XU Y,et al.Characterization of the key aroma compounds in Chinese vidal icewine by gas chromatography olfactometry,quantitative measurements,aroma recombination,and omission tests[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2017,65:394-401.
- [36]DUMITRIU G D D,LERMA N L,ZAMFIR C L,et al.Volatile and phenolic composition of red wines subjected to aging in oak cask of different toast degree during two periods of time[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2017,86(1-2):643-651.