干姜及其提取物中二氧化硫的研究现状及展望Research on Status and Prospect of Sulfur Dioxide in Ginger and Ginger Extracts
袁观富,樊亚鸣,何芝洲,杨庆,曾源,孔令会,陈镜标
摘要(Abstract):
食品中的二氧化硫残留指标是国家质检部门的严控指标之一,在生姜干燥过程中,人为及非人为因素均导致干姜中二氧化硫残留。就我国干姜中二氧化硫的残留量、来源、存在形态及危害、国内外相关限量标准、检测法及脱除方法等5方面问题,综合阐述前人的研究成果;结合对干姜提取物的脱硫技术的研究,提出以下结论:对于干姜中二氧化硫,我国食品国标中相应限量为200mg/kg;作为中药材,中国药典的限量为150mg/kg;国外的限量则为30~50mg/kg。对于如此巨大的限量差异,目前国内外市场都选择了更为安全的国外标准,这呼唤着新型脱硫技术及新限量标准来保障国人的食品安全。目前尚无一套完善的脱除食品中二氧化硫的方法。未来食用植物(如干姜)中脱除二氧化硫的技术将充分考虑保存食品本身的风味与品质,根据不同对象研究具有针对性、可控性并且经济便捷的技术,来保障食品安全。研究的干姜提取物的脱硫技术,兼顾了风味成分的保留、传统干燥技术的保留及二氧化硫约80%的脱除率。
关键词(KeyWords): 干姜;二氧化硫;限量标准;脱除二氧化硫
基金项目(Foundation): 广东省科技厅项目(2012A020603006)
作者(Author): 袁观富,樊亚鸣,何芝洲,杨庆,曾源,孔令会,陈镜标
参考文献(References):
- [1]章爱娣.中国香料植物栽培与加工[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1985.
- [2]李莉峰,徐立伟.生姜综合利用研究进展及前景分析[J].农业科技与装备,2011(7):17-19.
- [3]李时珍.本草纲目[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:385-386.
- [4]张德权,艾启俊.蔬菜加工新技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
- [5]闫文琴.对蜜饯食品中二氧化硫残留量的检验分析[J].河北北方学院,2007,23(6):46-47.
- [6]黄国平,刘岩,陈黎斌.叶绿体清除白葡萄酒中二氧化硫效果研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(2):804-806.
- [7]陈仕荣,张卫明.香辛料中二氧化硫的测定[J].中国野生植物资源,2003,22(6):75-76.
- [8]陈曙,万丽,马熙,等.熏硫药材中二氧化硫残留在中药提取过程中的溶出率研究[J].中药与临床,2010(4):27-29.
- [9]王永强,龚跃,赵铮红.香菇(干品)中微量二氧化硫的测定[J].广东微量元素科学,1996(11):33-34.
- [10]朱建新.蘑菇中二氧化硫测定方法的探索——改良的Monier-Williams法[J].食品工业,1991(5):12-13.
- [11]万素英,李琳,王慧君.食品防腐与食品防腐剂[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998:84-109.
- [12]黄国平.食品中二氧化硫脱除方法研究进展[J].食品科技,2007(12):19-21.
- [13]励建荣,尹洁,朱军莉.食品中二氧化硫的来源与检测方法[C].2009年第二届国际食品安全高峰论坛论文集,2009:55-58.
- [14]Akasaka K,Ohrui H,Meguro H.Fluorometric determination of total and bound sulfite in wine by N-(9-Acrid-inyl)maleimide[J].J AOAC International,1993,76(6):1385-1388.
- [15]李英,王成云.食品中亚硫酸盐的检测[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版),2001,2(1):16-23.
- [16]Bernstein J A,Alexis N,Barnes C,et al.Health effects of air pollution[J].Allergy Clin Immunol,2004,114:1116-1123.
- [17]Agar A,Kucukatay V,Yargicoglu P,et al.The effect of sulfur dioxide inhalation on visual evoked potentials antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in alloxaninduced diabetic rats[J].Arch Environ Contain Toxicol,2000,39:257-262.
- [18]孟紫强,张波,秦国华.二氧化硫对小鼠不同组织器官的氧化损伤作用[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(6):769-773.
- [19]Meng Z.Oxidative damage of sulfur dioxide on various of mice:sulfur dioxide is a system oxidative damage agent[J].Inhal Toxicol,2003(15):181-195.
- [20]Sunyer J,Ballester F,Tertre A L,et al.The association of daily sulfur dioxide air pollution levels with hosp ital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in Eurpope(the Apheall study)[J].Eur Heart,2003,24:752-760.
- [21]GB 2760-2011,食品添加剂使用标准[S].
- [22]邵明立,马晓伟,吴浈,等.《中国药典》(第二增补本)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
- [23]Stonys D B.Determination of sulfur dioxide in foods by modified Monier-Williams distillation and polarogra-phic detection[J].J Assoc Anal Chem,1987,70(1):114-117.
- [24]Holak W.In determination of sulfite in foods by differential pulse polarography[J].Dev Food Sci,1986(12):711-721.
- [25]Palls D A,Townshend A.Enhancement by cycloalkanes of the chemiluminescent oxidation of sulfite[J].Ana-lyst,1996,121:831-834.
- [26]Stauff J,Jaeschke W.A chemiluminescence technique for measuring atmospheric trace concentrations of sulfur dioxide[J].Atmos Environ,1975(9):1038-1039.
- [27]Yamada M,Nakada T,suzuki S.The determination of Sulfite in a flow injection system with chemiluminescence detection[J].Anal Chem Acta,1983,147:401-404.
- [28]Burguera J L,Burgunera M.Determination of sulfur dioxide in young white wines by flow injection with chemiluminescence detection[J].Anal Chem Acta,1988,214:429-432.
- [29]Beutler H O.A new enzymic method for determination of sulfite in food[J].Food Chem,1984(15):157-164.
- [30]Mana H,Spohn U.Sensitive and selective flow injection analysis of hydrogen sulfite/sulfur dioxide by fluore-scence detection with and without membrane separation by gas diffusion[J].Anal Chem,2001,73(13):3187-3192.
- [31]Corbo D,Bertotti M.Use of a copper electrode in alkaline medium as an amperometric sensor for sulphite in a flowthrough configuration[J].Anal and Bioanal Chem,2002,374(3):416-420.
- [32]Trenerry V C.The determination of sulphite content of some foods and beverages by capillary electrophoresis[J].Food Chem,1996,55:299-303.
- [33]芦晓芳,赵俊鹏,刘子娇,等.脱除菊花中残留二氧化硫方法优化[J].食品研究与开发,2012,33(3):58-61.
- [34]黎永杰,赵美萍,常文保.食品中亚硫酸盐的检测方法研究进展[J].食品与发酵工业,2004,30(5):99-105.
- [35]Jolivet P,Bergeron E,Meunier J C.Metabolism of elemental sulfur and oxidation of sulfite by wheat and spinach chloroplasts[J].J Phytochem,1995,38:9-14.