酿造酱油挥发性香气成分及多重辨析Analysis of Volatile Aroma Components in Fermented Soy Sauce
张立强,郑佳,黄钧,吴重德,周荣清
摘要(Abstract):
应用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)耦联气质联用(GC-MS)技术检测不同酿造工艺4个原油及2个市售产品的挥发性组分的差异。结果表明:在检出的56种组分中,低盐固态及高盐稀醪酿造样品的主要区别在检出醇类、酸类和酯类组分。稀醪发酵样品的乙醇、异戊醇等较低盐固态高,且酸类组分的数量较高,乙酸乙酯和长链脂肪乙酯是优势组分,4-乙基愈创木酚等是高盐稀态酱油的主要香气成分,苯乙醇、5-甲基-2-苯基-2-己醛等是低盐固态酱油的特征香气成分。对检出的56种挥发性组分的PCA分析结果表明:基于HS-SPMS/GC-MS技术和多元统计方法的检测方法可用于不同类型酱油香气特征的辨析。
关键词(KeyWords): 酿造酱油;挥发性香气成分;统计分析
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(31171742);; 四川省重大科技攻关项目(09ZC0735)
作者(Author): 张立强,郑佳,黄钧,吴重德,周荣清
参考文献(References):
- [1]张艳芳,陶文沂.两种发酵酱油风味物质的分析研究[J].精细化工,2008,25(5):486-490.
- [2]高献礼,赵谋明,崔春,等.高盐稀态酱油挥发性风味物质的分离与鉴定[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(10):117-123.
- [3]范文来,徐岩,李记明,等.应用HS-SPME技术分析葡萄果皮与果肉挥发性香气物质[J].食品与发酵工业,2007,37(12):113-118.
- [4]黄著,彭熙敏,刘超兰,等.郫县豆瓣挥发性香气成分剖析及其在陈酿过程中的变化研究[J].中国调味品,2009,34(3):106-111.
- [5]陈清婵,徐永霞,吴鹏,等.同时蒸馏萃取与顶空固相微萃取法分析豆豉挥发性成分[J].食品科学,2009,30(20):327-330.
- [6]Gao XL,Cui C,Zhao HF,et al.Changes in volatile aromacompounds of traditional Chinese-type soy sauce duringmoromi fermentation and heat treatment[J].Food Scienceand Biotechnology,2010,19(4):889-898.
- [7]Lee SJ,Ahn B.Comparison of volatile components in fer-mented soybean pastes using simultaneous distillation andextraction(SDE)with sensory characterisation[J].FoodChemistry,2009,114(2):600-609.
- [8]Ramette A.Multivariate analysis in microbial ecology[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2007,62:142-160.
- [9]Chen YQ,Ni YN,Kokot S.Discrimination of Chinese tra-ditional soy sauces based on their physico-chemical proper-ties[J].Science China-Chemistry,2010,53(6):1406-1413.
- [10]Giri A,Osako K,Okamoto A,et al.Olfactometric char-acterization of aroma active compounds in fermented fishpaste in comparison with fish sauce,fermented soy pasteand sauce products[J].Food Research International,2010,43:1027-1040.
- [11]Li Y,Zhao HF,Zhao MM,et al.Relationships betweenantioxidant activity and quality indices of soy sauce:an ap-plication of multivariate analysis[J].International Journalof Food Science and Technology,2010,45:133-139.
- [12]蔡明招,熊芳媛,吴惠勤.气相色谱-质谱法测定高盐液态和低盐固态酱油中的香气成分[J].理化检测-化学分册,2009,45(11):1292-1295.
- [13]Aidoo K E,Nout M J R,Sarkar P K.Occurrence andfunction of yeasts in Asian indigenous fermented foods[J].FEMS Yeast Research,2006(6):30-39.
- [14]徐高丹,陈敏,蒋予箭.酵母菌对酿造酱油风味形成的影响[J].中国调味品,2011,36(1):28-32.
- [15]Fan W L,Qian M C.Identification of aroma compounds inChinese Yanghe Daqu liquor by normal phase chromatogra-phy fractionation followed by gas chromatography olfac-tometry[J].Flavour and Fragrance Journal,2006,21:333-342.
- [16]Fan W L,Qian M C.Characterization of aroma com-pounds of Chinese“Wuliangye”and“Jiannanchun”liquorsby aroma extract dilution analysis[J].Journal of Agricul-tural and Food Chemistry,2006,54(7):2695-2704.
- [17]Giri A,Osako K,Ohshima T.Identification and charac-terisation of headspace volatiles of fish miso,a Japanesefish meat based fermented paste,with special emphasis oneffect of fish species and meat washing[J].Food Chemis-try,2010,120:621-631.